超声波技术抑藻效果的研究

为探明超声波的抑藻效果,本研究利用超声波技术对富营养化水体中藻类进行抑制研究。结果表明,超声波能够有效地抑制水中藻类数量的增加,对水中藻类的组成和优势物种不产生明显作用;尤其对蓝藻和硅藻数量具有显著的抑制效果,其抑藻效果在使用超声波1个月后表现最良好,但对绿藻生长的抑制作用表现不明显。说明超声波虽然能在一定程度上抑制藻类的增加,但对改善水质的效果不明显。     

榆林大明绿豆及其无公害高产栽培技术研究

大明绿豆是榆林市主要的食用豆类之一,是一种可作为粮、肥、药、饲、菜及饮料加工等多种用途的作物,也是榆林创汇农业的主要特色产业之一。按照无公害标准化绿豆生产技术规程组织生产,为市场提供大量优质、安全、卫生的无公害特色产品,是提升大明绿豆的品质,满足国内外消费者需求,保护环境,促进农业可持续发展的需要。大明绿豆无公害高产栽培技术体系包括产地环境选择;双沟覆膜高产栽培;去杂保纯;病虫害综合防治;适时收获脱粒,清选分级;熏蒸贮藏,加工包装等7个方面。     

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Treatment,Prevention and Management

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world, and it causes substantial physical and functional impact. It produces a myriad of gastrointestinal, neurologic and/or cardiovascular symptoms which last days to weeks, or even months. Although there are reports of symptom amelioration with some interventions (e.g. IV mannitol), the appropriate treatment for CFP remains unclear to many physicians. We review the literature on the treatments for CFP, including randomized controlled studies and anecdotal reports. The article is intended to clarify treatment options, and provide information about management and prevention of CFP, for emergency room physicians, poison control information providers, other health care providers, and patients.     

水生态环境中不同建材基质附着藻类的生物学特征

[目的]开展不同附着藻类生物学特征的试验,分析水质指标与藻类生物学特征的关系,为筛选科学合理的附着基质,丰富附着藻类着生提供科学支持。[方法]通过模拟试验,分析3种不同建材基质(花岗岩、聚乙烯网、木板)附着藻类的生物学特征,筛选出效果好且易于资源化利用的附着基质类型。[结果]花岗岩和木板基质的附着藻类群落更加稳定,生物学特征更优,功能性藻类种类更多,更有利于发挥附着藻类在水环境中的生态效应。[结论]综合考虑可利用程度和操作的难易程度,花岗岩基质是3种基质中最合适的基质。     

Characteristics of the marine environment and algal blooms in Gamak Bay

This study was conducted to gain insight into the characteristics of algal blooms in relation to the marine environment of Gamak Bay. From the first known occurrence of algal blooms in 1984 until 2006, 23 causal species have been identified, the most common ones being Prorocentrum sp., Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Chaetoceros sp., Skeletonema costatum, and Heterosigma akashiwo. A principal component analysis indicated that blooms of these species develop under different conditions in terms of water temperature, salinity, precipitation, and insolation. Field data showed Cochlodinium polykrikoides to be favored by high temperatures and to be euryhaline, whereas Skeletonema costatum appeared to be eurythermal and euryhaline. Prorocentrum sp. and Chaetoceros sp. appeared to be stenothermal and stenohaline. Finally, Heterosigma akashiwo appeared at the lowest temperature and highest salinity of the five species and was classified here as stenothermal and stenohaline.     

A physiological and biochemical approach to selecting the ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part A)

To select the best microalgae for Ostrea edulis conditioning, four single species diets were fed to batches of broodstock, which were then compared using physiological and biochemical approaches. Ingestion and absorption were first studied, showing that Chaetoceros gracilis and Skeletonema marinoï were efficiently ingested (4.9–5.3 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorbed (1.9–2.5 mg g^?1 h^?1) while Tetraselmis suecica led to the lowest physiological responses (0.36 and 0.12 mg g^?1 h^?1 respectively). When O. edulis were fed any microalgae except T‐ISO with only 79 mg g^?1, gonads accumulated carbohydrates from 116 to 141 mg g^?1 and the extent of accumulation depended on the species supplied in the order T. suecica<C. gracilis<S. marinoï. When oysters were fed either of the diatoms (C. gracilis or S. marinoï), an efficient transfer of 20:5(n‐3) to all tissues, including the gonads, was recorded while no enrichment in 22:6(n‐3) occurred in all tissues (polar fraction) when oysters were fed T‐ISO. In contrast (22:5(n‐6)), a characteristic fatty acid of T‐ISO accumulated in all tissues, confirming its allocation despite particularly low ingestion (1.66 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorption (0.32 mg g^?1 h^?1). When oysters were fed C. gracilis or S. marinoï an efficient transfer of cholesterol and campesterol from diatoms to the gonads was observed, while no sterol accumulation occurred in the gonad when fed T. suecica. Because of low ingestion, absorption and poor biochemical compounds' transfer, T. suecica is not recommended for O. edulis conditioning. T‐ISO also exhibited low physiological performances but due to a specific 22:6(n‐3) enrichment in the gonad neutral fraction (16.1%), its potential role in reproduction should be considered. Chaetoceros gracilis is highly recommended for O. edulis broodstock while a source of DHA other than that provided by T‐ISO should be found due to its poor absorption. Because a mixed diet has been shown to be more efficient for O. edulis broodstock conditioning, complementary trials dealing with the effects of other species rich in 22:6(n‐3) such as Rhodomonas salina or Pavlova lutheri should be performed.     

水中丝状藻类有害藻华的形成与对策

文章通过对常见丝状藻类及其形成藻华形态的描述,综述丝状藻藻华的形成条件及危害,说明各种水体中控制丝状藻藻华的必要性和紧迫性,概述了常见控制藻类药物和药物的致毒机理,为丝状藻类及其藻华的控制提供参考。     

藻类水华的生物控制措施

藻类水华会释放大量毒素和有害物质,造成水生生物的大量死亡,给渔业生态环境带来严重危害。生物控制措施可以在一定程度上降低水体富营养化程度和控制藻类的过度繁殖,防止有害藻类大量爆发。主要生物控制作用包括,一方面促进水体生态系统的物质循环和能量流动,加速营养元素沉降或脱离水生生态系统;另一方面限制或抑制水华藻类的生长,使水体生态系统处于稳定的动态平衡。     

苹果连作障碍土壤微生物的研究进展

从土壤微生物的角度，概述了苹果连作障碍发生时病原菌对再植树体的影响，并结合当前化学/生物熏蒸、拮抗微生物施用、施肥措施调整、有机改良剂添加、抗重茬砧木选择、种植制度建立等手段，概述了上述措施在缓解连作障碍过程中影响和调控土壤微生物群落结构的研究进展，对未来苹果连作障碍机理的研究及防控技术的发展方向提出了展望。